Research

Chief Investigator : Peter Prinsley
Research Ethics Committee : East of England - Cambridge
Research Ethics Committee number : 16/EE/0131
Funders: Rosetrees Foundation and the Royal College of Surgeons of England

Study summary : A clinical observation that a form of ear disease called cholesteatoma appears to run in families has been made in East Anglia. Cholesteatoma is chronic and potentially serious cause of deafness where there is destruction of the delicate structures of the ear and is treated by ear surgery. We are seeking to identify family pedigrees and subsequently to collect blood samples for genetic analysis. The aim of this study is to identify a genetic basis for the disease. We will identify families from clinical records and through the network of the British Society of Otology. We will approach these families to ask for their consent to provide family trees and subsequently blood samples. The latter will be used for a form of analysis known as genome sequencing which will provide information on any significant variants that are associated with the clinical trait.

Contact:

Peter Prinsley (Protocol queries) - prinsley@mac.com​

Jane Woods (Data collection queries) - jane.woods@jpaget.nhs.uk​

Chief Investigator: Carl Philpott
Research Ethics Committee: East Midlands - Leicester Central Research Ethics Committee
Research Ethics Committee number: 16/EM/0468
Funder: Sir Jules Thorn Charitable Trust

Study summary :

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) represents a common source of ill health, with symptoms including nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, facial pain, anosmia and sleep disturbance. CRS is divided phenotypically into those with polyps (CRSwNPs) and without polyps (CRSsNPs). CRS can also be categorised by endotypes which represent a subtype of the condition defined by a distinct functional or pathobiological mechanism. These endotypes may indicate the potential for personalised medical and surgical treatment, due to differences in responsiveness to treatments such as intranasal corticosteroids and biological agents. It is likely that these differences reflect differing pathophysiology between cases and are based on specific cytokine signatures.

The MACRO Programme, “Defining best Management in Adult Chronic RhinOsinusitis” is funded by NIHR at £3.2 million and a clinical trial workstream commenced in December 2017. The trial compares the effectiveness of both clarithromycin for 3 months and endoscopic sinus surgery. The ExpRess study (Exploring Endotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis) aims to collect nasal tissue samples from subjects recruited to the MACRO trial for cytokine analysis to compare responders and non-responders to interventions. This data will enable a clearer definition of potential disease endotypes and their relationship to the clinical phenotypes and subsequent treatment.

Chief Investigator: Carl Philpott
Research Ethics Committee: South Central - Oxford C Research Ethics Services
Research Ethics Committee Number: 18/SC/0593
Funder: MRes Consumables Project at Norwich Medical School

Study Summary: Olfactory dysfunction is common health condition which increases with age. Approximately 5% of the general population have no practical use of their sense of smell (functional anosmia). Olfactory dysfunction has been demonstrated to impact quality of life through loss of smell rich experiences (e.g. food, beverages, perfume) and can be life-threatening when limiting the ability to recognise danger (e.g. smoke, gas leaks, spoiled food). Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-a) antagonists are a group of medications which stop the effects of TNF-a, a molecule which causes inflammation. Two previous studies have shown benefit of TNF-a antagonists in mice’s sense of smell. However, little research has been done on humans. Rheumatology patients that are TNF-a antagonist naïve shall be approached and their sense of smell measured before initiation and after 3 months of treatment. The aim is to determine the affect TNF-a antagonists have on olfactory performance.

Synopsis: Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) represents a common source of ill health; 11% of UK adults report CRS symptoms in a worldwide population study. Symptoms include nasal obstruction and discharge, facial pain, and sleep disturbance. It can have a major impact on quality of life, reportedly greater in several domains of the SF-36 than angina or chronic respiratory disease. Acute exacerbations, inadequate symptom control and respiratory disease exacerbation are common. Complications are rare, but may include visual impairment and intracranial infection. Data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) shows that 1% of UK adults receive treatment for CRS from their GP each year, averaging 4 GP visits; they receive multiple medications with 91% receiving an antibiotic prescription. Data from Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for 2012-13 shows that approximately 40,000 sinus operations were performed in England and Wales, in addition to an estimated 120,000 outpatient consultations. A worldwide study found that one in three CRS patients in primary care have poorly controlled symptoms. The socio-economic cost of CRS is significant with 57% of patients report absenteeism and 28% experience associated anxiety and depression. CRS has been reported as one of the top 10 illnesses causing absence from work in the US. Although long-term macrolide use and endoscopic sinus surgery appear as recommendations in international guidelines, randomised controls for the latter are lacking and the only two for macrolides had opposing outcomes. Hence there is equipoise about the role of these two interventions for CRS.

Further information on the programme can be found at the MACRO trial set up page.​

You can watch a short video on YouTube about the MACRO trial testing process.

Chief investigator: Professor Carl Philpott
Research Ethics Committee: West of Scotland Research Ethics Service
Research Ethics Committee Number: 18/WS/0213
Funder: MRes Consumables Project at the Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia

Study Summary:

Olfactory dysfunction is common following trauma and occurs in approximately 20% of traumatic brain injury cases. Approximately 1 in 2 patients with an olfactory deficit (hyposmia or anosmia) following head injury are unaware of their sensory deficit. Early recognition of olfactory impairment is important for the clinician and patient to avoid risks associated with olfactory loss (e.g. recognition of spoiled food, gas, smoke), to manage associated limitations and to receive earlier treatment (e.g. steroids, olfactory retraining). Following head injury sense of smell is often clinically unassessed. Smell tests can take a significant length of time and therefore have reduced clinical application in asymptomatic patients. This study is investigating the role of a non-invasive screening smell test (Burghart Screening 12 test) which takes a short period of time to complete, in adult patients who require secondary care assessment following a head injury.

Research aim

To find out whether there is an increase in the size and activity of damaged smell pathways in patients’ brains when they are treated with vitamin A nasal drops. This would show recovery of the damage caused by common viral infections in the nose.

Background

Loss of smell affects an estimated 5% of people leading to depression, anxiety and isolation as well as changes in weight due to reduced appetite. Viral infections in the nose, including common colds and Covid-19, are the second most common cause of this smell loss. A recent limited study in Germany using vitamin A nasal drops showed that those in the treated group improved twice as much as those in the untreated group, lasting at least 10 months. It is thought that this treatment works to help repair tissues in the nose damaged by the viruses. This work will explore whether this is correct.

Design and methods

We will invite people who have been found to have smell loss due to a previous viral infection to join the study. They can join when they attend the Norfolk Smell & Taste Clinic, or through Fifth Sense, the smell and taste disorders charity. Those able to join will be randomly allocated to one of two groups: 38 patients will receive a 12-week course of nasal vitamin A drops and 19 will receive inactive peanut oil drops. Both sets of patients will receive brain scans, before and after the 12-week interval. We will look for changes in the size of the olfactory bulb (an area above the nose where the smell nerves join together and connect to the brain), that can be measured.

We will also look at activity in areas of the brain linked to recognising smells. The patients will be smelling odours (roses and rotten eggs) while special brain scans are taken that use a magnet to create images. A smell test and a questionnaire will also measure smell loss and its daily impact at the two visits.

Patient and public involvement

A PPI representative is part of the research team and has reviewed the application. In preparing this proposal we used feedback from 120 survey respondents with this type of smell loss and PPI input will continue throughout the study.

Dissemination

Using the research team’s links we will share the study results with doctors though journal publications and conferences. Through the patient charity, Fifth Sense, we will inform those who took part and the public using newsletters, social media, patient community groups and leaflets. If this study shows a positive effect, we will also propose a follow-on trial to establish the benefit of this treatment for these smell loss patients.

Project Information Form

Improving Care for patients with Smell and Taste Disorders (The ICAST Programme): Developing an EDI Strategy.

RCF EDI document

Guys & St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust

Prof Claire Hopkins

UCL/evidENT

Prof Anne Schilder
Prof Valerie Lund
Prof Steve Morris
Dr Helen Blackshaw
Miss Aneeka Degun
Prof Anne Schilder
Dr Spiros Denaxas
Dr John Robert Hurst
Mr Bhik Kotecha

University of Southampton

Prof Paul Little
Prof Mike Thomas
Dr Caroline Eyles

University of Oxford

Prof Jonathan Cook
Prof David Beard

University of British Columbia

Prof Amin Javer

University of Dresden

Prof Thomas Hummel

Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust

Prof Stephen Durham

John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford

Mr Robert Almeyda

Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham

Mr Shahzada Ahmed

Freeman Hospital, Newcastle

Mr Sean Carrie

Royal National Throat, Nose & Ear Hospital, London

Dr Harsha Kariyawasam

Charing Cross Hospital, London

Mr Hesham Saleh

Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham

Prof Anshul Sama

Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford

Mr Sankalp Sunkaraneni

Ninewells Hospital, Dundee

Mr Paul White

University Hospital, Southampton

Mr Rabi Salib

Fifth Sense

Mr Jim Boardman

LSHTM and MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London

Prof James Carpenter

Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, London

Prof Andrew Hayward

Radboud University Medical Centre, NL

Prof Maroeska Rovers
Ms Machteld M.H.T. van Egmond

2023

Gokani SA, Espehana A, Pratas AC, Luke L, Sharma E, Mattock J et al. Systematic review of protein biomarkers in adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy. 2023 Nov;37(6):705-729. https://doi.org/10.1177/19458924231190568​

Kumaresan K, Bengtsson S, Sami S, Clark A, Hummel T, Boardman J et al. A double-blinded randomised controlled trial of vitamin A drops to treat post-viral olfactory loss: study protocol for a proof-of-concept study for vitamin A nasal drops in post-viral olfactory loss (APOLLO). Pilot and Feasibility Studies. 2023 Oct 12;9. 174. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-023-01402-2​

Gokani SA, Shwan Sadik H, Espehana A, Jegatheeswaran L, Luke L, Philpott C et al. Manipulation under anaesthesia of fractured nasal bones - a 10-year retrospective study. Journal of Laryngology & Otology. 2023 Oct;137(10):1126-1129. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215122002432​

Gokani SA, Clark A, Javer A, Philpott C. Prevalence and associated factors of medication non-adherence in CRS patients following endoscopic sinus surgery. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023 Aug 18;12(16). 5381. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165381​

Jegatheeswaran L, Gokani SA, Luke L, Klyvyte G, Espehana A, Garden EM et al. Assessment of COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction and its association with psychological, neuropsychiatric, and cognitive symptoms. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2023 Aug 4;17. 1165329. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1165329​

Gokani SA, Jefferson M, Gavrilovic J, Clark A, Hildebrand F, Wileman T et al. Exploring endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis (ExpRess): Protocol for a cohort study. PLoS One. 2023 Aug 2;18(8). e0289407. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289407​

Philpott C, Kumaresan K, Fjaelstad AW, Macchi A, Monti G, Frasnelli J et al. Developing a core outcome set for clinical trials in olfactory disorders: a COMET initiative. Rhinology. 2023 Aug;61(4):312-319. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin22.116​

Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Yan CH, Paun S, Eynon-Lewis N et al. High prevalence of persistent smell loss and qualitative smell dysfunction during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States: Urgent need for clinical trials. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2023 Aug;13(8):1558-1560. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23100​

Gokani S, Hong Ta N, Espehana A, Garden EM, Klyvyte G, Luke L et al. The growing burden of long COVID in the United Kingdom - insights from the UK Coronavirus Infection Survey. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2023 Aug;13(8):1535-1538. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.23103​

Luke L, Lee L, Gokani SA, Boak D, Boardman J, Philpott C. Understanding the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis on smell and taste: An international patient experience survey. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2023 Aug;12(16). 5367. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165367​

Beşevli C, Dawes C, Brianza G, Schieck AFG, Boak D, Philpott C et al. Nose Gym: An Interactive Smell Training Solution. 2023. ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems 2023, Hamburg, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1145/3544549.3583906​

Hernandez AK, Landis BN, Altundag A, Fjaeldstad AW, Gane S, Holbrook EH et al. Olfactory nomenclature: An orchestrated effort to clarify terms and definitions of dysosmia, anosmia, hyposmia, normosmia, hyperosmia, olfactory intolerance, parosmia, and phantosmia/olfactory hallucination. Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. 2023 Apr 14. https://doi.org/10.1159/000530211​

Cardenas R, Prinsley P, Philpott C, Bhutta MF, Wilson E, Brewer DS et al. Whole exome sequencing study identifies candidate loss of function variants and locus heterogeneity in familial cholesteatoma. PLoS One. 2023 Mar 15;18(3). e0272174. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272174​

Garden EM, Espehana A, Boak D, Gadi N, Philpott CM. Commentary on Patient Advocacy and Research Priorities in Olfactory and Gustatory Disorders. Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports. 2023 Mar;11:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-023-00444-7​

Fokkens WJ, Mullol J, Kennedy D, Philpott C, Seccia V, Kern RC et al. Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (SYNAPSE): in-depth sinus surgery analysis. Allergy. 2023 Mar;78(3):812-821. https://doi.org/10.1111/all.15434​

Garden EM, Kumaresan K, Clark A, Philpott CM. Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire: Scaling severity of quality-of-life impact. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2023 Mar;48(2):206-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.14017​

Hellings PW, Fokkens WJ, Orlandi R, Adriaensen GF, Alobid I, Baroody FM et al. The EUFOREA pocket guide for chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology. 2023 Feb 1;61(1):85-89. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin22.344​

Philpott CM, Espehana A, Garden M, Ta N, Gadi N, Kumaresan K et al. Establishing UK research priorities in smell and taste disorders: A James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2023 Jan;48(1):17-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13985​

Garden M, Philpott C, Espehana A, Ta N, Gadi N, Kumaresan K et al. Establishing UK Research Priorities In Smell and Taste Disorders: A James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership. 2023.

Garden M, Philpott C, Espehana A, Ta N, Gadi N, Kumaresan K et al. Establishing UK Research Priorities In Smell and Taste Disorders: A James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership. 2023. Poster session presented at BACO International 2023, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Garden M, Kumaresan K, Clark A, Philpott C. Olfactory Disorders Questionnaire (ODQ)– scaling severity of quality-of-life impact. 2023. Poster session presented at BACO International 2023, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Gillespie D, Chandrasekharan D, Ta NH et al. The burden of olfactory dysfunction during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. Rhinology. 2023;61(1):93-99. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin22.232​

2022

Mallick S, Ash J, Addison A, Philpott C. Ask the Experts: An international consensus on managing post-infectious olfactory dysfunction including COVID-19. Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports. 2022 Dec;10(4):433–439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-022-00435-0​

Luke L, Lee L, Jegatheeswaran L, Philpott C. Investigations and outcomes for olfactory disorders. Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports. 2022 Dec;10(4):377–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40136-022-00438-x​

Hutson K, Kumaresan K, Johnstone L, Philpott C. The use of MRI in a tertiary smell and taste clinic: Lessons learned based on a retrospective analysis. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2022 Nov;47(6):656-663. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13968​

Webster KE, O'Byrne L, MacKeith S, Philpott C, Hopkins C, Burton MJ. Interventions for the prevention of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 Sep 5;2022(9). CD013877. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013877.pub3​

Kumaresan K, Hutson K, Johnstone L, Philpott C. When is Magnetic Resonance Imaging most beneficial in olfactory dysfunction? A retrospective review of a tertiary referral smell and taste clinic. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2022 Jul 18.

Cardenas R, Prinsley P, Philpott C, Bhutta MF, Wilson E, Brewer DS et al. Whole exome sequencing study identifies candidate loss of function variants and locus heterogeneity in familial cholesteatoma. biorxiv. 2022 Jul 16. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.15.500191​

Philpott C. Rhinosinusitis: Definitions, Classification and Diagnosis. In England RJ, Shamil E, editors, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery. 1 ed. CRC Press. 2022

Patel ZM, Holbrook EH, Turner JH, Adappa N, Albers MW, Altundag A et al. International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2022 Apr;12(4):327-680. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22929​

Clarke CS, Williamson E, Denaxas S, Carpenter JR, Thomas M, Blackshaw H et al. Observational retrospective study calculating health service costs of patients receiving surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis in England, using linked patient-level primary and secondary care electronic data. BMJ Open. 2022 Feb 8;12(2). e055603. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055603​

Hooper L, Abdelhamid A, Ajabnoor SM, Esio Bassey C, Brainard J, Brown TJ et al. Effects of fluid and drinking on pneumonia mortality in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2022 Feb 1;47:96-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.11.021​

O'Byrne L, Webster KE, MacKeith S, Philpott C, Hopkins C, Burton MJ. Interventions for the treatment of persistent post-viral olfactory dysfunction. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2022 Feb 1;2022(2). CD014912. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD014912​

Clarke CS, Williamson E, Denaxas S, Carpenter JR, Thomas M, Blackshaw H et al. Healthcare costs for patients receiving surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis in England, using linked primary and secondary care electronic patient-level data. BMJ Open. 2022 Jan 11.

Philpott C, Alotaibi N, Rombaux P. Olfaction and CSF Leak. In CSF Rhinorrhea: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Skull Base Reconstruction. Springer. 2022. p. 341-349 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94781-1_35​

Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Green T, Hannum ME, Bakke AJ, Moein ST et al. A follow-up on quantitative and qualitative olfactory dysfunction and other symptoms in patients recovering from COVID-19 smell loss. Rhinology. 2022;60(3):207-217. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin21.415​

Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Gillespie DC, Chandrasekharan D, Hong Ta N et al. The COVANOS trial – insight into post-COVID olfactory dysfunction and the role of smell training. Rhinology. 2022;60(3):188-199. https://doi.org/10.4193/Rhin21.470​

2021

Ball SG, Boak D, Dixon J, Carrie S, Philpott C. Barriers to effective healthcare for patients who have smell or taste disorders. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2021 Nov;46(6):1213-1222. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159285606.60833639, https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13818​

Langstaff L, Clark A, Salam M, Philpott C. Cultural adaptation and validity of the Sniffin’ Sticks psychophysical test for the UK setting. Chemosensory Perception. 2021 Oct;14(2):102-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12078-021-09287-2​

Philpott C, Ta T, Hopkins C, Ray J, Ahmed S, Almeyda R et al. Socioeconomic, comorbidity, lifestyle and quality of life comparisons between chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes. The Laryngoscope. 2021 Oct;131(10):2179-2186. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29527​

Philpott CM, Boardman J, Boak D. Patient experiences of post-infectious olfactory dysfunction. Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. 2021 Sep 1;83(5):299–303. https://doi.org/10.1159/000516109​

Hopkins C, McKenzie J-L, Anari S, Carrie S, Ramakrishnan Y, Kara N et al. British Rhinological Society Consensus Guidance on the use of biological therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2021 Sep;46(5):1037-1043. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13779​

Collins R, Addison A, Paul C, Clark A, Philpott C. Nasal packing duration in the management of epistaxis: A cohort study. British Journal of Surgery. 2021 Sep;108(Supplement_6):151. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjs/znab259.556​

Webster KE, O'Byrne L, MacKeith S, Philpott C, Hopkins C, Burton MJ. Interventions for the prevention of persistent post‐COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction. Cochrane Library. 2021 Jul 22;2021(3). CD013877. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013877, https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013877.pub2​

Huart C, Philpott CM, Altundag A, Fjaelstad AW, Frasnelli J, Gane S et al. Systemic corticosteroids in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐related smell dysfunction: an international view. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2021 Jul;11(7):1041-1046. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22788​

Vennik J, McDermott C, Williams S, Philpott C, Thomas M, Little P et al. Patient perspectives about participation in a chronic rhinosinusitis trial during the COVID pandemic: a qualitative study. 2021. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.162014508.84282719/v1​

Hong Ta N, Gao J, Philpott C. A systematic review to examine the relationship between objective and patient-reported outcome measures in sinonasal disorders: Recommendations for use in research and clinical practice. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2021 May;11(5):910-923. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22744​

INTEGRATE, The UK ENT Trainee Research Collaborative. Admission avoidance in acute epistaxis: a prospective national audit during the initial peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2021 May;46(3):577-586. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13716​

Addison AB, Wong B, Ahmed T, Macchi A, Konstantinidis I, Huart C et al. Clinical Olfactory Working Group Consensus statement on the treatment of post infectious olfactory dysfunction. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 2021 May;147(5):1704-1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.641​

Keltie K, Donne A, Daniel M, Stephenson K, Wyatt M, Kuo M et al. Paediatric tonsillectomy in England: A cohort study of clinical practice and outcomes using Hospital Episode Statistics data (2008‐2019). Clinical Otolaryngology. 2021 May;46(3):552-561. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13707​

INTEGRATE, The UK ENT Trainee Research Collaborative. Admission avoidance in tonsillitis and peritonsillar abscess: A prospective national audit during the initial peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2021 Mar;46(2):363-372. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13680​

Lechner M, Liu J, Counsell N, Ta NH, Rocke J, Anmolsingh R et al. Course of symptoms for loss of sense of smell and taste over time in one thousand forty-one healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: Our experience. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2021 Mar;46(2):451-457. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13683​

Orlandi R, Kingdom TT, Smith TL, Bleier B, DeConde A, Luong A et al. International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology. 2021 Mar;11(3):213-739. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22741​

Liu DT, Sabha M, Damm M, Philpott C, Oleszkiewicz A, Hähner A et al. Parosmia is associated with relevant olfactory recovery after olfactory training in postinfectious smell loss. The Laryngoscope. 2021 Mar;131(3):618-623. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29277​

Webster KE, MacKeith S, Philpott C, Hopkins C, Burton MJ. Interventions for the treatment of persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. Cochrane Library. 2021 Feb 26;2021(2). CD013876. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013876​

Maspero JF, Philpott C, Hellings PW, Hopkins C, Wagenmann M, Siddiqui S et al. Health-Related Quality of Life Impairment Among Patients With Severe Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps in the SINUS-24 Trial. 2021. Abstract from 2021 AAAAI. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.485​

Hutson K, Clark A, Hopkins C, Ahmed S, Kumar N, Carrie S et al. Evaluation of smoking as a modifying factor in chronic rhinosinusitis. JAMA Otolaryngology. 2021 Feb;147(2):159-165. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2020.4354​

McDermott C, Vennik J, Philpott C, Le Conte S, Thomas M, Eyles C et al. Maximising recruitment to a randomised controlled trial for chronic rhinosinusitis using qualitative research methods: the MACRO conversation study. Trials. 2021 Jan 13;22(1). 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04993-w​

Hopkins C, Alanin M, Philpott C, Harries P, Whitcroft K, Qureishi A et al. Management of new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID-19 pandemic - BRS Consensus Guidelines. Clinical Otolaryngology. 2021 Jan;46(1):16-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13636​

Parma V, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Niv MY, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ et al. Corrigendum to: More than smell-COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis (Chemical Senses (2020) DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjaa041). Chemical Senses. 2021;46. bjab050. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjab050​

Fokkens WJ, Mullol J, Kennedy DW, Philpott C, Seccia V, Kern R et al. Mepolizumab reduces the need for surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. 2021.

Philpott C, Dixon J, Boak D. Qualitative olfactory disorders: Patient experiences and self-management. Allergy and Rhinology. 2021;12:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/21526567211004251​

Gerkin RC, Ohla K, Veldhuizen MG, Joseph PV, Kelly CE, Bakke AJ et al. Recent smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19 among individuals with recent respiratory symptoms. Chemical Senses. 2021;46. bjaa081. https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa081​

GCCR Group Author . Recent smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19: a preregistered, cross-sectional study. Chemical Senses. 2021;46. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.22.20157263, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa081​